Guiding questions: What is
the difference between colonialism and imperialism? What were the
justifications? How does the past shape the present?
|
Define the
following terms. (Vocabulary Review page 1)
Colonialism:
_____________________________________________________
Imperialism: ____________________________________________________
Colonialism in its modern
form first began to take shape about _____ years ago, and it changed the
________ landscape of the world forever. For one thing, it enabled Europe to
get fabulously _____ on the trade it produced. The foundations of what we now
think of as _____________were invented during the colonial era, partly to
handle trade.
A. Types of Colonies
1.
2.
Portugal and ______ discovered new lands across the
oceans and built trading posts or conquered large extensions of land. The 17th
century saw the creation of the French colonial empire and
the Dutch Empire,
as well as the English overseas possessions,
which later became the ____________. The United States of America gained
overseas territories after the ______________ for
which the term "___________"
was coined.
C. IMPACT/EFFECT
1.
Slavery and Servitude
Two
outgrowths of imperialism were slavery and indentured servitude. In the 17th
century, nearly _____ of _______ settlers came to North America as indentured
servants. India and _______ were the largest ______ of indentured servants
during the colonial era. Indentured servants from India travelled to British
colonies in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean, and also to French and Portuguese
colonies, while Chinese servants travelled to British and Dutch colonies. Between 1830 and 1930, around 30
million indentured servants migrated from India, and 24 million returned to
India. China sent more indentured servants to European colonies, and around the
same proportion returned to China. Ultimately, around ___________ Africans were
taken to the Caribbean and North and South America as slaves by European
colonizers.
2. Disease
Encounters between explorers and
populations in the rest of the world often introduced new diseases, which sometimes
caused local __________. For
example, smallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and others were unknown in __________
America. Over the centuries, the Europeans had developed high degrees of__________ to these diseases, while the ___________ had no time to build such immunity. Smallpox decimated the
native population of __________, killing around 50% of indigenous Australians in the early years of British colonization.
3. European Gender
Norms (Eurocentrism)
The act of
colonizing spread and synthesized social and political western ideas of a ________
and __________ hierarchy to colonized areas. European ________ authority and
female and non-European __________ was legitimized through ____.
4. Imposed
Territorial Boundaries
D. TIMELINE
1492-1650: ____________________________________________________
1599:_________________________________________________________
1607: British foundation of a
colony at Jamestown.
1757: The Battle of Plassey –
the beginning of British military superiority in ______
1885: Congo Conference. Europeans
carve up ________into slices.
1914: World War ___begins
(largely a European war in fact). It’s seen by many as a war that stops the land
grab of the past 40 years. European nations are forced to confront the consequences
of their “eating” up colonies when they apply the same principles against their
own neighbors.
1939: World War ___ begins,
involving nearly the entire world. Not only are there dozens of sites in which
battles occur, but people from the __________fight for the major powers.
1947: Indian/Pakistani
_________. The beginning of the steady decline in the___________.
1960-1963: Most British colonies in
Africa and the Caribbean become free nations, generally __________. Nigeria,
Uganda, Tanzania, Ghana, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago are some of the most
important on this list.
1997: ________becomes
independent from England, and is returned to ______.
E. 5 Justifications of Expansion:
4. Orientalism
F. Decolonization
2 Reasons for
rapid de-colonization:
1.
2.
Example:
G. Marxist ( ) View on Colonialism
Marxism
sees colonialism as a form of ____________, enforcing _____________ and social
change. Marx thought that working within the global capitalist system,
colonialism is closely associated with _________development because colonies
are constructed into exploitative modes of production, massive _________ and
socio-psychological _____________.
H. Taiwan
Between ________Taiwan
was controlled by Japan (Japanese occupation). It was part of Japan’s plan to expand its
Empire throughout SE Asia. As Japan’s first colony, the Empire tried to turn
Taiwan into a “_______” colony and made many improvements and public works like
urban development, the banning of ________ and sanitation. Japan also
introduced _________and the cinema.
Japan’s approach
to Taiwan had 2 opposing views:
1.
2.
Integration and War
Between _______ the
Japanese tried to ___________Taiwanese using Japanese language and education.
Public opinion in Taiwan demanded democracy in 1934 and Japan conceded.
The late 1930s saw
a rise in Japanese __________ and exploiting Taiwanese resources for their war
effort. In the early 1940s laws were passed for Taiwanese to change their names
to Japanese and Taiwanese were encouraged to join the war (fighting for Japan
in WW2). In 1945 Taiwanese youth were __________ and many men died.
The Ally forces
bombed Taiwan and by the end of the war Taiwan was worse off economically than
before.
Taiwan’s Controversial Political Status
After ______ years
of colonial rule, Japan formally _______ to the Allies on August 14,
1945. On August 29, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Chen Yi as Chief Executive of
Taiwan Province.
Japan did not
renounce its __________ over Taiwan until April 28, 1952, with the coming into
force of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, which further complicated the political
status of Taiwan.
Japanese Architecture in Taiwan
