Unit 6: Poverty Part 1

Introduction Activity: Students roll up a piece of paper into a ball and throw into teacher's basket. The students closest make it, this is representative of privilege.

What is poverty? What is "the poverty line 貧窮界線" ?

Readings 1 and 2 will not be divided according to English proficiency. The handout includes more writing exercises then whats given on this blog page. There will be a test after the 2nd reading to determine who the new A and B class will be.

Reading 1: Child Poverty Grows as Cities Expands (2012)

VULNERABLE:

Vulnerable: able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt,influenced, or attacked

易受傷的；易受影響（或攻擊）的；脆弱的

How do we protect vulnerable children? Complete this table with your partner.

Protect from…	How	Problems / Barriers 障礙，阻礙，隔閡
disease 疾病	EX: vaccinations 給…接種疫苗	EX: who pays for it?
violence 暴力
child labor
gangs 一幫,幫派, 團夥，集團
crime 違法行爲，犯罪活動
drugs 非法毒品

Word Cloud of our first reading

Vocabulary: Instead of using Quizlet, which is great, but they are getting bored, I am going to use a visual Thesaurus and see if they can guess the Chinese meaning.

1. UNICEF (n.) 聯合國兒童基金會
2. staggering (adj.)
3. proportion (n.) countable part
4.  basic services (pl. n.) life's essentials EX: clean water, housing
5. urbanization (n.)
6. vital (adj.)
7. disadvantaged (adj.)
8. exploitation (n.)
9. slums (pl. n)
10. thrive (v.)
11. settlements (pl. n)
12. Basic vs Basis: basic (adj.)基礎的，基本的；根本的 vs. basis (n.)基礎，根據 

EX: I really need to get some basic financial advice.我的確需要一些有關金融的基本建議。This document will form the basis for our discussion. 這份文件將是我們討論的基礎

Slumdog Millionaire 貧民百萬富翁 (2008 India)

Child Poverty Grows as Cities Expands (2012)

A new report from the United Nations Children's Fund warns that hundreds of millions of children in the world’s cities are living in poverty[貧困]. UNICEF’s "State of the World’s Children Report" says a staggering proportion of children lack [don't have] the most basic [most important]of services, including clean water, education, health, proper toilets. "Urbanization leaves hundreds of millions of children in cities and towns excluded [outside] from vital services," the Children's Fund said. The Fund also says these children are among the most disadvantaged and vulnerable in the world because they live in fear of violence and exploitation on a daily basis. Millions of children are forced into child labor (work) and the sex industry.

The report explains how the slums where children live have diseases such as pneumonia [肺炎] and diarrhea [腹瀉], two of the biggest killers of children under five in the world. UNICEF spokeswoman, Marixie Mercado, says many children are disadvantaged from birth and are excluded [不包括] from “normal” society [社會] in which richer children can thrive. She says: “One-third of children in urban [city] areas are not registered[登記] at birth [and that] makes them much more vulnerable to exploitation throughout their lives.” UNICEF executive director Anthony Lake added: "Children are vulnerable to.…the injuries[傷害], illnesses [生病] and death that result from [因…發生] living in crowded settlements atop hazardous [dangerous] rubbish [garbage] dumps or alongside railroad tracks."

Write 3 questions on the reading. Write 3 questions about the reading and apply to your life. If you could ask a child slum dweller 3 questions, what would they be?

Also on Netflix with Traditional Subtitles

Reading 1 Ending Discussion:

1. What are other names for slums? shantytowns, squatters, barrios, favelas, 
2. Where are the world's 200,000 slums? See UN-habitat 聯合國人居署
3. Why are most slums located on the outskirts of big cities?
4. Does Taiwan have or had slums?  Treasure Hill寶藏巖 Taipei
5. What are squatters 非法佔屋? Does Taiwan have squatters?
6. Why doesn't the government do more to help people in slums?( Many governments don't count slum dwellers in their censuses, let alone measure their sense of security.)
7. How can slum dwellers help themselves? Akhter Hameed Khan, who in 1980 began mobilizing the community of Orangi, the largest squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan. He started a research institute called the Orangi Pilot Project to help residents organize and build a sewer system. Each block collected money and began construction of their own sewers, which served some 90 percent of Orangi's residents by the late 1990s. Between 1982 and 1991, infant mortality rates in the settlement dropped from 130 per thousand to 37 per thousand.

In the slums of Nairobi, communities long neglected by the government are just beginning to gain some level of political effectiveness. In Mtumba, for instance, residents have begun to organize. "On our own," says Tom Werunga, "we have built a school." Four teachers juggle morning and afternoon shifts to teach more than 400 children in three classrooms.

Crossword Review + Quiz on Reading 1

EXTRA: The world’s invisible children — millions lack a record of their birth (September 2017) 
EXTRA: Poor Kids (2012) Frontline, video, transcripts
EXTRA: Poor America, Child Trafficking in Cambodia

Reading 2: Girls and Women Worst Hit (2013)

Word Cloud of Reading 2

October 11- International Day of the Girl (Taiwan Gov't,

GIRLS: What are they up against? Complete this table with your partner.

Girls	Inequalities 性別不平等	How to prevent 阻止, 妨礙,預防 inequalities
Birth 出生	EX: female infantcide 殺害女嬰
Education
Marriage
Career職業
Violence
Business商業

Discussion

READING 2 Vocabulary:

1. recession (n.) economy going down EX: Demand for new cars has fallen due to the recession.由於經濟衰退，人們對新車的需求減少了
2. think tank 智庫
3. international development: the improvement of developing countries (former colonies) to become freer, richer
4. humanitarian(adj.) devoted to human welfare
5. marginalized (adj.) excluded from normal society
6. entrenched (adj.) firmly established, dug in
7. inequality (n.) lack of equality
8. economy (n.) the system of buying, selling, distributing resources /  economic (adj.) 經濟的
9. domestic abuse (n.) mistreatment in the home, usually by a man to the woman or children
10. rates (pl. n.) amount of time something happens, EX: mortality rate 死亡率 Infant mortality is much higher in the poorest areas of the city. 在這個城市最貧困的地區，嬰兒的死亡率要高得多。 Taiwan Death rate 
11. shrank (past of shrink) to become reduced
12. domestic chores (pl. n.) housework, EX: cleaning, cooking
13. hit (v.) to have a negative effect on a person or thing 產生不良影響；打擊
    EX: Production has been badly hit by the strike.罷工嚴重影響生產。
14. paint a black/bleak picture of something (Idiom) to describe a situation or person as extremely bad
    把（形勢）描繪得很嚴峻；把（某人）說得很壞
15. sucked into something (phrasal verb) 將…捲入（不快處境或壞事中）
    I really don't to get involved in this argument, but I can feel myself being sucked into it.我根本就不想與整件爭論有任何瓜葛，不過我能感覺到自己被牽扯了進去。

Girls and Women Worst Hit (2013)

It is hardly surprising news, but a new report shows that girls and women are those hit hardest by the global recession. The study is from the organizations Plan International, which is working to reduce [減用] child poverty, and the Overseas Development Institute - the UK's leading [#1] independent think tank on international development and humanitarian issues. They state that: "The world is failing [辜負] girls and women." The report's author Nigel Chapman said: "Girls are the largest marginalized group in the world." Mr Chapman added: "Much of the problem lies with 'entrenched gender inequality'." Chapman found that a worsening [惡化] economy results [發生] in females of all ages having to work harder and suffering [受折磨] more domestic abuse.

Mr Chapman's report highlights a tragic [悲慘的] increase in mortality [death] rates for female infants [babies]. He told the BBC: "The proportion of baby girls who died when the economy shrank rose five times faster than the proportion of baby boys who died….Hence [因此], a 1% fall in economic 經濟的 output 產 量increases infant mortality by 7.4 deaths per 1,000 girls against 1.5 for boys." He paints an equally bleak picture for girls not being able to complete (finish) their education. He reports that the global recession saw a fall in primary [elementary] school completion for girls of 29% compared to 22% for boys. "Girls get sucked into domestic chores," he said. "Once they stop going to school it's very hard to get back into the rhythm of things."

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

1.	What is hardly surprising?
2.	What are the names of the organizations behind the report?
3.	What kind of issues does the Overseas Development Institute deal with?
4.	What, according to the report, is the world doing to girls?
5.	What do women suffer more because of a recession?
6.	What is there a tragic increase in?
7.	What is the ratio of baby girls to boys dying during economic decline?
8.	What kind of picture is painted by Nigel Chapman?
9.	What does the figure of 29% refer to?
10.	What is it hard for girls to do if they stop going to school?

Review Game: Who Wants to be a Millionaire 
TEST
EXTRA: Euronews (2013) 100 Years after Women's Dy struggle Continue

Who Cares: Unpaid care work, poverty and women's / girl's human rights 

Europe/Moldova: Mothers are Illegal workers  (English & Chinese subtitle) documentary

It makes sense to talk about Child Labor after our first two readings as it was briefly mentioned in Reading 1. For the rest of the unit's readings, I will divide them according to English proficiency and use a more detailed ppt in the classroom.

Child Labor: Tobacco Children in Indonesia (2016)

Videos:
Animation: short intro of Child Labour & Poverty剝離童心behind the scenes(English & Chinese)
Uzbek : Child labour in the cotton field, forced by the govt (Chinese & English)

Taiwan 2017 Human trafficking: Vietnamese children were sold to fake parents in Taiwan

越南童工被賣到台灣 (Chinese)
Coal Boy in India (Chinese subtitle)
Syria Child labour  (English & Chinese) 敘利亞童工

Food Scarcity: Food Shortages in Venezuela (2014), Stealing Food Is Not a Crime (2016)
Extra: True Cost of Food
Song: Pearls (Sade)

POVERTY Part 2: Taiwan

Part 3: Solutions

October 17- International Day for Eradication of Poverty 國際消除貧困日
Film: Living on One Dollar (2013) 56 minutes (also on Netflix Taiwan with traditional subs)
EXTRA: Stevie Wonder headlines anti-poverty concert in Central Park

EXTRA: Japan Japan's Rising Child Poverty,

Projects/Extra:

• Use picture books that depict how communities have resisted and grown in poverty.
• Look for opportunities to engage in joint projects instead of community service with students.
• Ask families for input; build home-to-school connections.
• Generate and maintain a dialogue between the student and his family around topics related to wealth and poverty.
• Leverage community resources.
• Offer service-learning that forges partnerships between students and members of the community.
• Identify gaps in resources locally—and then examine economic systems of injustice more broadly.
• Poverty shopping (Teacher Adam). This is to show the student how difficult it really is to live on a low income. The class will form groups and will become a family. They will have 20,000 for their group to live on for one month. They must list everything they will buy and the prices. Everything must be realistic. Once they have completed their list inform them of other cost they may have forgotten. Rent: $5000 Electric: $1000 Cellphone: $400 per person Cable TV: $200 Transpiration: $400 per scooter or car Clothes: $1000 Etc. Once the class has finished explaining their expenses ask then how much money their families would need to earn to comfortably live. Then ask them what kinds of jobs would allow them to earn that much money. Explain to them that these are the kinds of jobs that their parents have and this is the kind of situation their parents go thought every month. Explain that the difference between their lives and poverty is not really that great. All it would take is someone losing the ability to make money or having to accept job that pays much less to upset their lifestyle.

Poverty Sources:

http://www.thepovertyline.net/taiwan/
http://www.tolerance.org/lesson/cycle-poverty
https://www.daraja-academy.org/girls-education-effective-tool-fight-global-poverty/
https://www.one.org/international/blog/10-times-nelson-mandela-was-spot-on-about-ending-extreme-poverty-2/
https://www.edutopia.org/blog/film-festival-poverty-education-lessons
https://www.malala.org/girls-education
http://www.teachersnetwork.org/ntol/howto/eslclass/poverty.htm
Taiwan Fund for Children and Families
#GlobalPOV Project 
http://www.esletc.com/category/poverty-wealth/
http://www.esletc.com/esl-materials/global-issues-esl-activities/#worldwealth
http://rethinkingschools.aidcvt.com/publication/rg/RGPoverty.shtml

Ethical Issues for Esl Faculty: Social Justice in Practice

Living in Poverty Group Presentation

Polluted Lake Remains Poor's Lifeline

Food Scarcity Sources:
https://kidworldcitizen.org/2013/09/09/great-lessons-teach-kids-about-hunger-food-insecurity/
http://www.henry4school.fr/Food/world-hunger.htm
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/sep/15/alarm-bells-we-cannot-ignore-world-hunger-rising-for-first-time-this-century

Gender Studies: Body Image

Guiding Question: What is body image and how is it influenced through the media?

A. Vocabulary: (Review/Self Test)

1. compromising有損聲譽的，有失體面

2. submissive順從的，溫順的，聽話的

He was looking for a quiet submissive wife who would obey his every word.

他想找一個溫順嫻靜的妻子，對他百依百順。

3. vulnerable易受傷的；易受影響（或攻擊）的；脆弱的

I felt very vulnerable, standing there without any clothes on.

一絲不掛地站在那裡，我感覺自己非常脆弱，不堪一擊。

It is on economic policy that the government is most vulnerable. 政府最易受人詬病的是經濟政策。

Tourists are more vulnerable to attack, because they do not know which areas of the city to avoid. 遊客更容易受到攻擊，因為他們不知道城裡哪些地方不該去。

4. sexualization

5. compulsive eating disorder 強迫性飲食失調症

B. Introduction:

Distinguished sociologist Erving Goffman noted that women in photographs are often portrayed in compromising or submissive situations such as having the head turned upwards to expose the neck or in a contorted stances often with light self-touching. Such poses invite the gaze of the viewer and make the subject of the photograph seem vulnerable and exposed to sexualization.

Activity 1: Students are asked to bring copies of men's and women's magazines to class (e.g. Vogue, Cosmo, GQ etc.) After watching Jean Kilbourne's "Still Killing UsSoftly" (about images of women in the media), students break into groups and look for images that support or fail to support Kilbourne's findings. Each group then reports their findings back to the class.

1. What do advertisers tell us about women? 
2.  How are women dehumanized in advertising? 
3. Which women have the greatest contempt?
4. Whats so dangerous about advertisements?

Activity 2: Look at the Infograph below and answer the questions.
use words like: values, concepts, normalcy , ideal female beauty, shame, guilt, failure, flawlessness 

1. How does the media contribute to female’s self image?

2. Why do you think the media is obsessed with female’s image?

3. The female body of the average American woman and a model is extremely different. How does this contribute to poor body self image?

4. Do you think men contribute to women’s poor body self image? How?

5. Why did the age female beginning to diet start to fall?

6. Why is it dangerous for 8 year olds to start to diet?

7. Are you surprised that young girls worry about getting fat? Why or why not?

8. Young women would rather be ________ or ________ than fat. They would rather have what happen to them than be fat?

9. How have you contributed to poor self body image of women?

10. Do you think the pressure on women to be young, beautiful and thin affects men? How?

ACTIVITY: Reshaping Body Image

CASE STUDY: SERENA WILLIAMS (read, “The most successful female athlete of all time just got body shamed in the New York Times” by Shane Ferro)

As a woman in the public eye, it seems like even being one of the most gifted athletes isn't enough to stop the media from calling you fat. On Friday, just as Serena Williams was preparing to clean up her historic sixth Wimbledon victory, the New York Times decided it was a good time to critique her body: “Williams, who will be vying for the Wimbledon title against Garbiñe Muguruza on Saturday, has large biceps and a mold-breaking muscular frame, which packs the power and athleticism that have dominated women’s tennis for years. Her rivals could try to emulate her physique, but most of them choose not to.” The real disgusting part of this, though, is that the Times didn’t really critique Williams. Instead, it let her competitors do it by explaining that they don't envy Williams' physique even as she uses it to dominate them. In the story, the Times printed the words of several top female tennis players unloading about their body image issues and describing their wish to be seen as small. “People say, ‘Oh, you’re so skinny, I always thought you were huge,’ ” [Andrea Petkovic] said. “And then I feel like there are 80 million people in Germany who think I’m a bodybuilder. Then, when they see me in person, they think I’m O.K.” Body image issues are something that should be discussed with a therapist, not a New York Times reporter. That women everywhere have body image issues isn’t exactly news. It’s the opposite of news. It helps no one to have those insecurities validated as worthy of considering by being paraded around in the pages of the New York Times. I don’t really understand how publishing female tennis players expressing their desire to be perceived as petite does anything other than adding to the public perception that women should be constantly critical of their bodies. And it's all especially silly since Williams' body type that they're belittling is regularly beating them at their own game.  Saying we shouldn't attack muscular women like Williams for their body types isn’t just about sexism or body positivity. It’s about health. According to the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, elite athletes have a significantly higher rate of eating disorders (20%) than the average group of women (about 9%), who in turn have a higher rate of eating disorders than men. That’s in part because many of the personality traits that a person needs to be an elite athlete also show up in patients with eating disorders. The ANAD says these are all the common psychological profiles in common between elite athletes and people who develop anorexia: ·         Perfectionism 至善論，完美主義 ·         high self-expectations期盼；盼望；希望 ·         competitiveness好競爭的；好勝的 ·         hyperactivity好動亢奮的；過度活躍的 ·         repetitive exercise routines ·         compulsiveness難以抑制的；強烈衝動引起的；強迫性的；強制性的 ·         drive有計劃的努力；運動 ·         tendency toward depression ·         body image distortion ·         pre-occupation with dieting and weight Let's just say that's ten reasons beyond sexism that the media needs to lay off the body shaming.

Write your own definitions from the article:

1. Body Shaming:

2. elite:

3. anorexia:

Answer the questions:

1. How does the media try and body shame Serena Williams?

2. Why do you think the media is body-shaming Serena Williams?