Friday, August 28, 2015

UNIT 1: HUMAN RIGHTS






I. Pre-Reading Activity: Needs vs. Wants (Working in pairs or small groups)
A. Is it easy to differentiate between wants and needs?

1. What happens to someone when his or her wants are not fulfilled? 

2. What happens to someone when his or her basic needs are not met?

3. What happens to a community when many people’s basic needs are not met?

4. Are there people who don’t have their basic needs met in the world? In the USA? In your community? In your school?

5. Are there some kinds of people who often don’t get their basic needs met?

6. Should these needs be met? Why? 

7. Should some people have their wants satisfied when others don’t have their needs met?

8. What can be done to meet people’s basic needs? 

9. Whose responsibility is it to meet people’s basic needs? 

10. What actions can you take to help meet the basic needs of others in your community?


B. Going Further

1. Are there such things as basic human needs common to everyone everywhere in the world?

  • Are these needs always met?
  • What influences our wants? 
  • How are wants influenced by age? Gender? Class? Culture? Ethnicity?


II. UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

VOCABULARY:

Rights, equal, free/ freedom, treated, discriminate/discrimination, slave/slavery, torture, fair/unfair, trial, detainment, innocent, guilty, privacy, safety, protect/protection, nationality, thought, expression, assembly, democracy, social security, worker’s rights (labor), shelter, unemployed, disabled, copy right, duty



1. We Are All Born Free & Equal. We are all born free. We all have our own thoughts and ideas. We should all be treated in the same way.

2. Don’t Discriminate 歧視;區別對待. These rights belong to everybody, whatever our differences.

3. The Right to Life. We all have the right to life, and to live in freedom and safety. 

4. No Slavery 奴隸制,蓄奴;奴隸身份. Nobody has any right to make us a slave. We cannot make anyone our slave. 

5. No Torture 拷打;拷問;折磨;虐待. Nobody has any right to hurt us or to torture us. 

6. You Have Rights No Matter Where You Go. I am a person just like you! 

7. We’re All Equal Before the Law. The law is the same for everyone. It must treat us all fairly. 

8. Your Human Rights Are Protected by Law. We can all ask for the law to help us when we are not treated fairly. 

9. No Unfair Detainment使留下;拘留,扣押. Nobody has the right to put us in prison without good reason and keep us there, or to send us away from our country. 

10. The Right to Trial 審判,審理. If we are put on trial this should be in public. The people who try us should not let anyone tell them what to do. 

11. We’re Always Innocent 無罪的 Till Proven Guilty. Nobody should be blamed for doing something until it is proven. When people say we did a bad thing we have the right to show it is not true. 

12. The Right to Privacy 隱私權. Nobody should try to harm our good name. Nobody has the right to come into our home, open our letters, or bother us or our family without a good reason. 

13. Freedom to Move. We all have the right to go where we want in our own country and to travel as we wish. 

14. The Right to Seek a Safe Place to Live. If we are frightened of being badly treated in our own country, we all have the right to run away to another country to be safe. 

15. Right to a Nationality國籍. We all have the right to belong to a country.

16. Marriage and Family. Every grown-up has the right to marry and have a family if they want to. Men and women have the same rights when they are married, and when they are separated.

17. The Right to Your Own Things. Everyone has the right to own things or share them. Nobody should take our things from us without a good reason.

18. Freedom of Thought. We all have the right to believe in what we want to believe, to have a religion, or to change it if we want. 

19. Freedom of Expression表示. We all have the right to make up our own minds, to think what we like, to say what we think, and to share our ideas with other people. 

20. The Right to Public Assembly集合,聚集. We all have the right to meet our friends and to work together in peace to defend our rights. Nobody can make us join a group if we don’t want to.

21. The Right to Democracy民主. We all have the right to take part in the government of our country. Every grown-up should be allowed to choose their own leaders. 

22. Social Security社會保險 制度. We all have the right to affordable housing, medicine, education, and childcare, enough money to live on and medical help if we are ill or old. 

23. Workers’ Rights (Labor). Every grown-up has the right to do a job, to a fair wage for their work, and to join a trade union. 

24. The Right to Play. We all have the right to rest from work and to relax. 

25. Food and Shelter 掩蔽(處) for All. We all have the right to a good life. Mothers and children, people who are old, unemployed or disabled, and all people have the right to be cared for. 

26. The Right to Education. Education is a right. Primary school should be free. We should learn about the United Nations and how to get on with others. Our parents can choose what we learn. 

27. Copyright版權,著作權. Copyright is a special law that protects one’s own artistic creations and writings; others cannot make copies without permission. We all have the right to our own way of life and to enjoy the good things that art, science and learning bring. 

28. A Fair and Free World. There must be proper order so we can all enjoy rights and freedoms in our own country and all over the world. 

29. Responsibility職責;責任. We have a duty to other people, and we should protect their rights and freedoms. 

30. No One Can Take Away Your Human Rights.

Questions:

1. What were some of the central ideas or themes?

2. Which rights gave you the strongest reaction? Which emotion did you feel?

3. How do these rights apply to you personally?



Partner Work:

1. Make a list of people and places that do not enjoy the same rights as you:



2. Make a list of rights others have that you do not.



3. How might being denied these rights affect people’s lives?



4. Do children have rights? What are they?


                                    The 30 Articles Video

III. Human Rights in Taiwan

Pre-Reading: How well do you think Taiwan is doing in human rights?

US rights report shows weaknesses in Taiwan
By William Lowther  /  Staff reporter in Washington (Sat, Jun 27, 2015)
 
Vocabulary:

1. Exploitation(出於私利的)利用;剝Marx wrote about the exploitation of the workers. 馬克思著書論述了勞工受剝削的情況


2. Migrant workers流動工The cities are full of migrants looking for work. 城市裡到處是尋找工作的移民


3. Domestic家庭workers


4. Corruption(尤指當權者的)貪汙,腐敗,墮Political corruption is widespread throughout the country. 政治腐敗在全國蔓延


5. Repression(尤指透過武力進行的)鎮壓,壓The political repression in this country is enforced by terror. 這個國家透過恐怖統治來實行政治高壓


6. Coercion強迫,逼He claimed the police had used coercion, threats and promises to illegally obtain the statement. 他聲稱警方曾用威逼、恐嚇和承諾的方法來非法獲取供詞


7. Persecution(因種族、宗教、政治理念)迫害;虐待;煩擾,糾They left the country out of fear of persecution. 他們因害怕遭受迫害而離開了這個國家


8. House arrest被軟禁在The opposition leader has just been put/placed under house arrest. 反對黨領導人才剛被軟禁在家中


9. Dissent(尤指對正式建議、計劃或普遍看法的)不同意,異When the time came to approve the proposal, there were one or two voices of dissent. 在通過該項提案的時候,有一兩個人表示不同意


10. Censorship審查,審查制


11. Discrimination歧視;區別對racial/sex/age discrimination 種族/性別歧

Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take the examinations, but such blatant discrimination is now disappearing.

直至1986年大多數公司甚至還不允許女性參加這種考試,但目前這種明目張膽的歧視做法正在消失



Taiwan’s principal human rights problems are labor exploitation of migrant workers by fishing companies, exploitation of domestic workers by brokerage agencies and official corruption, a new report from the US Department of State says.
While Taiwan gets generally high marks in the report, it notes that authorities indicted 687 officials, including 69 high-ranking officials, on corruption charges last year.
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2014 was issued on Thursday — four months after a deadline set by the US Congress.
In stark contrast to Taiwan’s mostly clean bill of health, the report said that China was guilty of repression, coercion, corruption and persecution.
The report accused China of using forced disappearance and strict house arrest, including house arrest of family members, to prevent public expression of independent opinions.
It portrayed China’s political system as ruthlessly repressive and one that regularly deployed extralegal measures to keep dissent in check. Turning to Taiwan, the report said that the judicial system suffered from some corruption, although efforts were being made to diminish political influence in the judiciary. The impartiality of judges and prosecutors involved in high-profile and politically sensitive cases had been publicly questioned, the report said.
It also said that local media had reported incidents of police obstruction and violence directed at journalists who were covering protests against administration policies.
“Local academics and media activists alleged that self-censorship continued, as some media chose to present news stories in favor of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) due to political considerations and the influence of local businesses with close ties to the PRC,” the report said.
“Some legal scholars and politicians alleged that the Ministry of Justice was not sufficiently independent, claiming that ministry authorities conducted politically motivated investigations of politicians,” it said.
According to the report, female employees in Taiwan continued to be promoted less frequently, occupied fewer management positions and worked for lower pay than their male counterparts. The report also said foreign-born spouses were targets of discrimination both inside and outside the home.
“There was reported discrimination, including employment discrimination, against people with HIV/AIDS and 60 percent of HIV carriers left their jobs due to coercion from their supervisors or workplace bullying,” the report said.
It said there was evidence of forced or compulsory labor amongst domestic service workers, farm workers, fishermen and in manufacturing and construction.
“NGOs reported that some labor brokers and employers regularly collected high fees or loan payments from foreign workers, using debts incurred in the source country as a tool for involuntary servitude,” the report said.




On a separate piece of paper write your answers to the following questions:

1. What are Taiwan’s main human rights abuses?

2. Which ones were you most surprised to hear? Why?

3. Who faces discrimination in Taiwan?

4. Why must judges and the media be impartial (公正的,無偏見的))?

5. Why do you think foreign workers are easily exploited?

6. What is another name for “involuntary servitude” or “forced labor”?

                             Yeomini Park: Escaping in North Korea


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