I. Self-Immolation自焚
since the
1960s this
means to setting oneself on fire.
*
Set something on fire:使…燃燒
A. Vietnam 越南
On
June 11, 1963, Vietnamese monk僧侶 Mahayana Buddhist Thích
Quảng
Đức burned
himself alive on a busy intersection
in protest of the persecution迫害of
Buddhists佛教徒
under
the
current現時的
[catholic天主教徒]
government.
After, several other Buddhists followed
in Đức‘s
footsteps仿效
and
carried
out
(did) similar相似的
actions.
This
form
of disobedience drew
attention引起
to
the
current government in South Vietnam, and made
a lot of controversy爭議 and
pressured the
government
to change.
B. South Korea
South Korean monk
protests
Japanese and Korean Comfort women慰安婦.
(Japan’s
leader denied these women were held against their will)
C. Tibet 藏區 and Chjnese OPPRESSION
Tibet is a nomadic游牧, peaceful Buddhist佛教徒 country
1913: 13th dali lama達賴喇嘛（藏傳佛教領袖） reaffirmed重申 Tibet’s independence獨立 and
the country kept its
own flag,
currency貨幣, stamps郵票, passports
and army.
1950:
invaded入侵
by
china
1959: 14th dali lama flees逃出國 to india,
China has total control
China
destroyed hundreds of temples, and
ancient books, many Tibetans fled to india.
1950:
China invades入侵
Tibet
1959:
China brutally suppresses Tibetan uprising
1980-2008
Tibetans protest
1995:
Chinese kidnap 6 year old panchan lama
2009:
self immolations start
2012:
self immolations peak (80 this year)
2013:
china orders Tibetans to fly Chinese flags, they throw them in the rivers.
Chinese
officials have deemed it illegal
to display (show) images (pictures) of
the Dalai Lama
— whom it accuses of forming
plots against
China — anywhere in the nation.中國官方指責達賴喇嘛煽動反華陰謀，認為在中國任何地方展示達賴喇嘛的畫像都是違法的。
The
Dalai Lama’s escape to India in 1959 took place during an uprising that began
in March, and each year, the Chinese government fears protests in Tibetan areas
as the uprising’s anniversary approaches.達賴喇嘛是在1959年3月開始的一場反抗運動期間逃往印度的。每一年，隨着那場運動的周年紀念日臨近，中國政府都擔心藏區會出現抗議活動。2008年3月，青藏高原上爆發廣泛的示威遊行，引起中共高層領導的恐慌，並促使其部署准軍事部隊鎮壓騷亂
抗議漢人統治，藏族僧侶自焚死亡 黃安偉 2016年3月4日
More
than 140 Tibetans have
self-immolated in protest in
Tibetan regions of China since 2009, starting in Ngaba
County, a focal point for demonstrations against Beijing’s rule. Many of the
initial self-immolations were carried out by monks, but a growing number of
laypeople, including nomads and farmers, have since taken part.自2009
.年以來，從反抗北京統治的焦點阿壩縣開始，中國藏區已有140多名藏人自焚以示抗議。起初，很多自焚者都是僧侶，但後來，越來越多的世俗人士參與了進來，包括牧民和農民。自由西藏稱，當天下午四點，格桑旺堆在他修行的措卡阿耶雷寺(Retsokha Aryaling)外自焚。這家寺院位於甘孜州(Kardze
Prefecture)，那裡一直是反抗漢人當局的抗議地點。
Since
2009,
at least 140 Tibetans have self-immolated,
more than 40 have
died. The Dalai Lama has
said he does not encourage the protests, but he has praised those who engage in
self-immolation. The Chinese government, however, claims that he and the exiled
Tibetan government are inciting鼓動
these
acts.
In
2013,
the Dalai Lama questioned懷疑 the effectiveness
of self-immolation as a demonstration遊行
tactic策略.
He
has also expressed
(said) that
the Tibetans are acting of their own free will自由意志 and
stated (said) that he is powerless無力量的
to
influence影響
them
to
stop carrying out immolation as a form of protest.
(map, NYTimes)
Tibetans
carrying out self-immolations shout slogans口號 during
their
protests, calling for the Dalai Lama to return and for,
“Tibet to
be free”.
Nylon
Deng;
was
a Taiwanese publisher出版者
and
pro-democracy民主 activist激進主義分子.
He
was the founder of the Freedom Era Weekly. He is most known internationally
for setting himself on fire in support of freedom of speech言論自由.
(Video)
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